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The historical migration of the Hmong according to Hmong tradition The time of Proto-Hmong-Mien has been estimated to be about 2500 BP (500 BC) by Sagart, Blench, and Sanchez-Mazas using traditional methods employing many lines of evidence, and about 4243 BP by the Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP), an experimental algorithm for automatic generation of phonologically based phylogenies. Recent Y-DNA phylogeny evidence supports the proposition that people who speak the Hmong–Mien languages are descended from a population that is distantly related to those who now speaks the Mon-Khmer languages. Ancient DNA evidence suggests that the ancestors of the speakers of the Hmong–Mien languages were a population genetically distinct from that of the Tai–Kadai and Austronesian language source populations at a location on the Yangtze River. Migration of people speaking these languages from South China to Southeast Asia took place ca. The most likely homeland of the Hmong–Mien languages is in Southern China between the Yangtze and Mekong rivers. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA in Hmong–Mien–speaking populations supports the southern origins of maternal lineages even further back in time, although it has been shown that Hmong-speaking populations had comparatively more contact with northern East Asians than had the Mien. male-specific portion of the Y chromosome (MSY) variation.Īccording to linguist Martha Ratliff, there is linguistic evidence to suggest that they have occupied some of the same areas of southern China for over 8,000 years. matrilocality on patterns of mitochondrial (mt) DNA vs.

The Hmong-Mien and Sino-Tibetan speaking people are known as hill tribes in Thailand they were the subject of the first studies to show an impact of patrilocality vs. Likely routes of early rice transfer, and possible language family homelands (archaeological sites in China and SE Asia shown)Ī recent DNA study in Thailand found that Hmong paternal lineage is quite different from those lu Mien and other Southeast Asian tribes. This assertion was originally put forth by Yang Dao, a Hmong scholar who felt that framing the etymology of the word "Hmong" as meaning "free" would be beneficial to the Hmong themselves. Yang Dao, unknowingly defined and cited the word 'Hmong' to mean "Free Men". Yang Dao to "Hmong", with an added "H" in front of the word "Mong." During that time, Dr. The Hmong allied with the French against the Communists during the whole Indochina War and with the Americans during the whole Vietnam War, hoping to resist communist Viêt Minh control.ĭuring the Secret War, in the early 1960s through 1970s the word "Miao or Meo (meaning "cats", " barbarians", and even "Sons of the Soil")" was used until it was changed by General Vang Pao and Dr. It is better to have them for you than against you". Famous general Salan wrote about them: "I have known them well. Therefore, in Indochina, the French left them alone, all the more because they are ferocious warriors. The Hmong fought against central governments for thousands of years while having a reputation of being hospitable and friendly to the French colonizers. "cat", and also sounds of cats), Mông or H'Mông Lao: ແມ້ວ (Maew, can be pronounced to mean "cat", and also sounds of cats) or ມົ້ງ (Mong) Thai: แม้ว (Maew, can be pronounced to mean "cat", and also sounds of cats) or ม้ง (Mong) Burmese: မုံလူမျိုး ( mun lu-myo). In Southeast Asia, Hmong people are referred to by other names, including: Vietnamese: Mèo (can be pronounced to mean 3.3.4 Alleged plot to overthrow the government of LaosĮtymology Southeast Asia.The CIA operation is known as the Secret War. The Hmong people ( RPA: Hmoob, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰‎, Pahawh Hmong: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, IPA: ) are a sub-ethnic group of the Miao people who originated from Central China that, today, mainly live in Southwest China ( Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guangxi), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and the United States.ĭuring the First and Second Indochina Wars, France and the United States intervened in the Laotian Civil War by recruiting thousands of Hmong people to fight against forces from North and South Vietnam which were stationed in Laos in accordance with their mission to support the communist Pathet Lao insurgents.

Regional Chinese, Thai, Vietnamese, Lao, French, English, Burmese Flower Hmong women in traditional dress at the market in Bắc Hà, Vietnam